Scintillation Crystals
Bi4Ge3O12 refers to a scintillation crystal made from Bismuth Oxide and Germanium Oxide. BGO is a widely used inorganic scintillator material known for its several desirable characteristics in radiation detection and medical imaging applications, such as high density, high effective atomic number, and high stopping power for gamma rays.
YAG (Ce) is a non-hygroscopic, chemically inert inorganic scintillator, the wavelength of maximum emission at 550 nm is well matched to CCD sensitivity, and it is reasonably fast (75 ns decay time) with a relatively high light yield of 12% of NaI(TI) scintillator.
YAP (Ce) scintillator crystal has fast decay time(28 ns) abd relatively high light yield(40% of NaI:TI), the emission peak is 360-380 nm, which can be effectively matched with most of the current read out system. YAP(ce) can be machining precisely, used for gamma and x-ray counting, electron microscopy, electron and X-ray imaging screens.
Cerium doped silicate yttrium, YSO(Ce), belongs to monoclinic rare earth ortho-silicate crystal, it is similar with the LYSO(ce) crystal, while generally used as a semiconductor and in photo optic applications. YSO(ce) crystal shares the same emission peak 420 nm with LYSO(ce),
LuAG(Ce) is a typical scintillation crystal with garnet structure, the light yield is 25,000 photons/Mev, it also has many other excellent properties, such as high density, large Zeff and good mechanical property.
Lead tungstate (PbWO4) is one of the most dense oxide crystal (8.3 g/cm3), it is distinguished by its short radiation length (0.9 cm), small Moliere radius (2.19 cm) and strong irradiation hardness.
Plastic scintillators are materials that emit light when exposed to ionizing radiation, such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. They are composed of a scintillating organic polymer, typically containing aromatic compounds, doped with fluorescent molecules or luminophores.
Barium fluoride (BaF2) crystal has a fast scintillation light peaked at 195 and 220 nm with a 0.8 ns decay time. This ultrafast scintillation promises a wide application in an area where extreme fast timing is important, such as future high energy physics experiments